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Geneva Conventions of 1949 and 1977
There are four Geneva Conventions, signed August 12, 1949, and
the two additional Protocols of June 8, 1977. These treaties are all fully indexed
on this site.
In addition, there are many other international treaties which
govern the conduct of war or establish human rights standards (see more
treaties) which are not indexed here.
Convention I
For the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and
Sick in Armed Forces in the Field. Sets forth the protections for members
of the armed forces who become wounded or sick.
Full text
Convention II
For the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and
Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea. Extends protections to wounded,
sick and shipwrecked members of naval forces.
Full text
Convention III
Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva. Lists
the rights of prisoners of war. Full text
Convention IV
Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of
War, Geneva. Deals with the protection of the civilian population in times
of war. Full text
Protocol I
Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949,
and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts.
Extends protections to victims of wars against racist regimes and wars of
self determination. Full text
Protocol II
Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949,
and relating to the Proection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts.
Extends protections to victims of internal conflicts in which an armed opposition
controls enough territory to enable them to carry out sustained military operations. Full text
More Treaties
A number of other treaties have been signed, covering such issues
as human rights, the use of particular weapons, and genocide. They include:
— Universal Declaration
of Human Rights of 1948
—Convention
on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 1948
— Convention
for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict of
1954
— International
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination of 1965
— International
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966
— International
Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966
— Convention
on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes
Against Humanity of 1968.
— Convention on
the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of 1979
— Convention
on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons
Which May be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate
Effects. Geneva of 1980.
— Convention
against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
of 1984
—Convention
on the Rights of the Child of 1989
—
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling
and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction of 1993
—Convention
on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel
Mines and on their Destruction of 1997
Copyright © 2003 Maria Trombly. All rights reserved.
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Geneva Conventions:
A Reference Guide
Welcome
About the Guide
Alphabetical Index
Introduction
History
Conventions Texts
I |
II |
III |
IV |
PI |
PII
Author's Note
Resources/Links
Contacts
Order a Copy
Image of original document of the first Geneva Convention from 1864 courtesy Kevin Quinn, Ohio, US; licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution license
International Journalism
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International Journalism Committee
The International Journalism Committee works to improve and protect
international journalism and encourage the free practice of journalism in all
countries.
For the purposes of this committee, international journalism is
defined as any journalism that involves foreign journalists, that takes place
overseas, or that deals with international affairs.
To improve international journalism, the committee will do some
or all of the following:
— Write articles about international journalism for Quill.
— Put together a panel on a topic related to international journalism at the
annual convention.
— Lend assistance to journalists when they ask for our help, both American and
foreign, to the extent we are able to do so.
— Create resources of use to international journalists and make them available
via the Web, printed guidebooks, or other means to both foreign and American
journalists.
— Find ways to bring foreign journalists to the U.S. and American journalists
overseas for fellowships, conferences, and other educational purposes.
To protect international journalism, the committee will do some or all of the following:
— Draft press releases and letters on behalf of international
journalism or international journalists.
— Lobby Congress in favor of measures that support international journalism.
— Work with other organizations on international projects related to freedom
of speech, freedom of information, and similar issues.
— Act as a watchdog on U.S. government agencies that may attempt to restrict
international journalism.
Are you interested in serving on the committee? Please contact our committee chairs to find out how you can help.
International Journalism Committee Chair
June Nicholson, chair
Associate Professor
School of Mass Communications
Virginia Commonwealth University
901 W. Main Street
Richmond, VA 23284-2034
804/827-0251
E-mail
Bio (click to expand)
June O. Nicholson is associate director and an associate professor in the School of Mass Communications at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Va. She chaired national SPJ’s Journalism Education Committee from 2000-2007 and has been a member of several other national SPJ committees over the past two decades. She is co-developer of the SPJ newsroom training module on covering diverse communities. Nicholson is a former president of the Virginia professional chapter of SPJ and a current board member.
At VCU, Nicholson teaches government, enterprise and project reporting and coverage of specialized beats such as science, health, education, urban affairs and the environment. She also teaches a course on International Media Coverage: The Middle East. She has been a lead faculty member in developing opportunities in the VCU chool of Mass Communications for expanding international initiatives. Before joining the VCU faculty, she was a reporter and editor for some 14 years in North Carolina and Virginia. Nicholson holds a master’s degree in public affairs journalism from The American University in Washington, D.C., and a B.A. degree in journalism from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
“I am a member of SPJ because I believe the organization plays a vital role in protecting the First Amendment, free speech and freedom of information in this country.”
Ricardo Sandoval, vice chair
Assistant City Editor
Sacramento Bee
Bio (click to expand)
Ricardo Sandoval is Assistant City Editor at the Sacramento Bee newspaper. He supervises the paper’s environment, science and regional development teams of reporters. Before joining The Bee, Sandoval was a foreign correspondent, based in Mexico City, for the Dallas Morning News and Knight Ridder Newspapers. Sandoval was born in Mexico and raised in San Diego, California. He graduated with a journalism degree from Humboldt State University in Northern California. His career has spanned three decades and has included award-winning coverage of California agriculture, immigration, the savings and loan scandal and the deregulation of public utility companies. His list of awards includes the Overseas Press Club, the InterAmerican Press Club, the Gerald Loeb prize for business journalism and two honors from the Northern California chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists. Sandoval co-authored — with his wife, journalist Susan Ferriss — the biography “The Fight in the Fields: Cesar Chavez and the Farmworkers Movement” published in 1997 by Harcourt.
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